The Negative Human Effects On Marine Resources Environmental Sciences Essay Example For Students

The Negative Human Effects On Marine Resources Environmental Sciences Essay What negative impacts do human exercises have on Marine and Coastal assets from Addington Beach to Aliwal Shoal? The coastline of South Africa extends for 3000km of which 80 % comprises of straw colored sea shores sponsored by low sand hills. The focussed nations of Addington Beach through to Aliwal Shoal, which contain decent variety of fish and different species ( including mammoths, ocean winged animals and fishes ) , give opportunities to financial and cultural exercises including advancement possibilities, angling, agribusiness and preoccupation. These assets are of import as they make up a rich in addition to toward the Southern Coastal nations of South Africa. Be that as it may, Marine and Coastal assets, for example, these nations up and down the South African beach are being influenced adversely because of main thrusts to a great extent brought about by arranged human exercises. Weights affecting these assets incorporate populace developing and beach front human provinces, transmissions to the ocean by moving and sewerage and the extricating of regular assets, for example, angling or o cean bed uncovering. We will compose a custom paper on The Negative Human Effects On Marine Resources Environmental Sciences explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now General power per unit territories and impacts of human impacts: Populace developing is the greatest drive power for ecological adjustments of Marine and beach front assets in South Africa. The expanding populace is emphatically reliant on creation exercises to build administration and manufacture ventures and in this way is logically subject to ports, for example, Durban Harbor for the import and fare of stocks. Requests for supplement, preoccupation and land for housing all expansion the power per unit territories on the beach front assets. Statisticss area that 30 % of the South African populace lives along the coastline because of migration of those looking for occupations, individuals resigning and those looking for an existence of better quality. As a result of this expansion of reliance the waterfront metropoliss have grown rapidly and are as an outcome holding negative impacts on the Marine and beach front assets. Irreversible adjustments are going on because of these impacts, for example, abuse of assets, pulverization of common home grou nds and an expansion of squanders and contamination which mess and murder creatures and lead to H2O quality disability. Populace GROWTH GRAPH/TABLE. Emanations to the ocean by sewerage and transportation are other than a huge reason for the negative impacts of Marine and beach front assets. Every day modern wastewaters and sewerage are discharged into the ocean by means of release grapevines close to Durban Harbor and by sewerage pipes in solitude the south coastline. These transmissions are non simply hurtful to human health however next to have a demolishing result on H2O quality and may contaminate numerous creatures. FIGURE 4.8 ( outflowing grapevines off the South African beach after Cloete 1979 ) Transportation is other than a genuine endorser of the corrupting of Marine and seaside assets. South Africa is arranged on one of the greatest boat movement ways of the universe and Durban Harbor is one of only a handful not many ports habitually halted at. Due to suffer and ocean conditions and the postponement to be moored in the port, significant Marine contamination episodes accept topographic point as oil slicks and waste dumping takes topographic point. Waters are in this manner contaminated and these squanders and contaminations are moved along the south beach, by the Aguhlus flow, and taint and obliterate assets along the coastlines of South Africa. The separating of characteristic assets, for example, calculating too much influences the Marine and waterfront assets. Both business and recreational angling are essential financial exercises which together can deliver in excess of 158 000 individuals and R3 billion yearly ( CMPP, 2005 ) . The improvement of calculating techniques outcomes in a more prominent figure and combination of fish being gotten and as an impact of this, fish stocks are decreasing in size and a few animal groups are standing up to conceivable eradication. Other human recreational exercises, other than angling, that may adversely affect Marine and beach front assets incorporate scuba plunging or sailing. .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e , .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e .postImageUrl , .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e , .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e:hover , .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e:visited , .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e:active { border:0!important; } .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e:active , .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e:hover { obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u03d71623049c00c cc1585a00390c564e .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u03d71623049c00ccc1585a00390c564e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Peer Pressure EssayTable OF DATA FOR FISH NUMBERS: Durban Harbor and Addington Beach: Picture OF POLLUTION IN DURBAN Harbor: Both the Durban Harbor and Addington Beach are sound delineations of seaside nations that have been urbanized and as an outcome are dirtied and adversely affected by human action. Transportation and the squanders discharged by the mechanical organizations in the Durban harbor nation are a colossal expense to the Marine and waterfront assets in the nation. Fish and other vitalize creatures are being slaughtered or holding their home grounds influenced or decimated and the general H2O contamination in the nation has expanded definitely in the course of the last barely any mature ages and as a result the H2O quality has immediately diminished. FIGURE 4.10 ( Isogram envisioning classification of the surf-zone at 28 difficult Stationss ) The seaport contamination brought about by oil and substance spills, natural waste dumping and general disposals by the boats mooring at the seaport or holding up out adrift to be moored in port. This contamination be the seaport is affecting the assets of environing sea shores each piece great, for example, North Beach, South Beach, Bay of Plenty and Addington Beach who as an outcome of the contamination have each lost their Blue Flag position subsequent to ignoring H2O quality preliminaries. These losingss of our Blue Flag position has other than effectsly affected the touristry business however most altogether fortifies the way that the H2O quality and contamination is at an unsatisfactory degree and the encompassing litter and destruction of the beaches have too much become a region of calamity. Reports going by and large defiled H2O fluxing into the Durban Harbor by means of the Umhlatuzana River for times of nine months have other than surfaced in ongoing mature ages. Unlawful releases of squanders and sewerage are being overflowed into the Durban nations and are unreasonably fouling the H2O harshly and destructing species and home grounds and are reducing fish stocks. ( Raven, 2008 ) . An extraordinary worry about these contaminations and squanders come ining the ocean close to the Durban seaport and different nations is that these squanders are being shipped up and down the coastline of South Africa through the Aguhlus ebb and flow directly down to nations, for example, Aliwal Shoal. Aliwal Shoal is non just a nation being influenced by squanders from human urbanization however adjacent to by recreational exercises and touristry locales. Picture OF ALGUHLAS CURRENT Aliwal Shoal: Outline OF ALIWAL SHOAL: Aliwal Shoal is 50km South of Durban, was framed by a sand hill around 80 000 mature ages prior and is the spot of a wide range of types of fish and other marine creatures, for example, ocean polo-necks, kyphosis monsters, mahimahis and the tiger shark. As of late there has been a troublesome clash to proceed Aliwal Shoal and many have taken a base to battle for the assurance of the nation and marine life from contamination and tourers. Because of the exploration that was begun once again 10 mature ages back by the Natal Sharks Board, the piece of Aliwal Shoal has been undermined by ecological contamination. Jumpers would depict on the conduct of sand tiger sharks at month to month gatherings in the wake of distinguishing them during honkytonks and roll uping informations. During the early mature ages of examination pulverization of Aliwal Shoal turned into a major worry as the Saiccor cellulose works, being dumped into the sea at Umkomaas, was untreated and was fouli

Terrorism and Homeland Security Quiz Assignment

Fear mongering and Homeland Security Quiz - Assignment Example Fear mongering and Homeland Security Quiz Power multipliers, in fear mongering, is the procedure and implies that guide in expanded exercises in psychological warfare. The five sorts of power multipliers in psychological oppression are: religion, media, transitional help, innovation and enrollments as talked about. Religion offers a favorable situation for part gatherings to have a typical belief system towards a specific objective. Religion offer conventions used to enlist and train new individuals. Individuals need to regard the conviction frameworks of the gathering with the end goal that they can even forfeit their bodies so as to maintain the lessons. The fear based oppression bunches utilize different religions, for example, Islam through citing sections in the Quran that empower killings. (Chandra, 2003). The psychological oppression bunches use media to pass on their message to the more extensive world, which upgrades their endurance, and as a way to evoke dread to the people (Hamm, 2007). The fear based oppression bunches use media to pass on a message of sick goals that lead to variances in moral practices, in the general public. The transitional help gives a chance to the psychological oppressor to bring out an assault through contribution money related help and military strengthening (Hamm, 2007). The fear based oppressor bunches utilize this help to digress from the law; along these lines setting up their rules so as to control different regions inside their administration so as to upgrade their predominance. Psychological oppression exploits the quick development of innovation in the contemporary world, which permits creations of dangerous gadgets that fear based oppressor bunches use to make complex bombs. Psychological oppressor instill different innovative abilities in their preparation so as to make such touchy gadgets.

Can napping help you concentrate

Can napping help you concentrate Can napping help you concentrate? Can napping help you concentrate? Students are well known to be sleep deprived, constantly pulling all-nighters to finish papers last minute or study for back-to-back exams. On campus, it’s not unusual to spot sleepy students catching a few minutes of sleep between classes or before they head to work. But does napping actually help students stay alert and focused during school? A study from Australia suggests the answer is no. The study of 280 university students in Australia found that more than half, 54%, of students napped at least once per week. About 17% of the students were regular nappers, lying down during the day more than three times every week. And of the students who took naps, most slept for more than 30 minutes when they did. But what are the effects of naps? Do they wake you back up or make you groggier? This research actually found that napping made students feel worse and function more poorly at school. Specifically, students who took naps reported more trouble organizing their thoughts and concentrating than students who didn’t take naps. What’s more, napping students also felt less motivation and had more problems finishing tasks. The students who napped also said they felt more depressed during the day than students who stayed up and only went to sleep at night. Maybe napping isn’t such a good idea after all! Most of these students said they took naps due to excessive sleepiness during daytime. Interestingly though, the amount of sleep students got at nighttime did not differ between napping and non-napping students. It seems the student who napped simply had a higher need for sleep than those who did not. Poor them! Judging by this study, it seems like the best thing to do is to know your own body and how much sleep you need. Get as much as possible at nighttime, and power through your day rather than take a sleeping break! You’ll feel better, work harder, and accomplish more. If it’s not humanly possible to get all that work done and get enough sleep at night, let Homework Help Canada to take a load off (or two or three). We offer high-quality, custom essays for a wide variety of subjects and almost any grade level, even up to Master’s and Ph.D. coursework. Our team of professional writers has years of experience crafting custom assignments for tons of subjects, so you can rest well at night. Didn’t realize you weren’t going to finish that paper until a day or two before? No problem. We’re well equipped to get your work done even on 24 hours’ notice. References: Lovato, N., Lack, L., Wright, H. (2014). The Napping Behaviour of Australian University Students. PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113666 Can napping help you concentrate Can napping help you concentrate? Can napping help you concentrate? Students are well known to be sleep deprived, constantly pulling all-nighters to finish papers last minute or study for back-to-back exams. On campus, it’s not unusual to spot sleepy students catching a few minutes of sleep between classes or before they head to work. But does napping actually help students stay alert and focused during school? A study from Australia suggests the answer is no. The study of 280 university students in Australia found that more than half, 54%, of students napped at least once per week. About 17% of the students were regular nappers, lying down during the day more than three times every week. And of the students who took naps, most slept for more than 30 minutes when they did. But what are the effects of naps? Do they wake you back up or make you groggier? This research actually found that napping made students feel worse and function more poorly at school. Specifically, students who took naps reported more trouble organizing their thoughts and concentrating than students who didn’t take naps. What’s more, napping students also felt less motivation and had more problems finishing tasks. The students who napped also said they felt more depressed during the day than students who stayed up and only went to sleep at night. Maybe napping isn’t such a good idea after all! Most of these students said they took naps due to excessive sleepiness during daytime. Interestingly though, the amount of sleep students got at nighttime did not differ between napping and non-napping students. It seems the student who napped simply had a higher need for sleep than those who did not. Poor them! Judging by this study, it seems like the best thing to do is to know your own body and how much sleep you need. Get as much as possible at nighttime, and power through your day rather than take a sleeping break! You’ll feel better, work harder, and accomplish more. If it’s not humanly possible to get all that work done and get enough sleep at night, let Homework Help USA to take a load off (or two or three). We offer high-quality, custom essays for a wide variety of subjects and almost any grade level, even up to Master’s and Ph.D. coursework. Our team of professional writers has years of experience crafting custom assignments for tons of subjects, so you can rest well at night. Didn’t realize you weren’t going to finish that paper until a day or two before? No problem. We’re well equipped to get your work done even on 24 hours’ notice. References: Lovato, N., Lack, L., Wright, H. (2014). The Napping Behaviour of Australian University Students. PLoS ONE. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113666

The Use of Symbols in John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums...

In John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums†, he uses the chrysanthemums, fence, and garden to symbolize Elisa’s thoughts and feelings throughout his story. He uses these symbols to show love, neglect, loneliness, protection, and passion for his characters. Steinbeck introduces Elisa, the main character, as a masculine young woman with a â€Å"face lean and strong† (Steinbeck 209) and â€Å"her figure looked blocked and heavy in her gardening costume, a man’s black hat...clod-hopper shoes.† (Steinbeck 209) He lets the chrysanthemums symbolize Elisa’s true beauty. She feels that her husband does not see her as beautiful woman. All he can see is a house wife and a gardener. He shows little interest in the chrysanthemums. When Henry says, â€Å"You’ve got†¦show more content†¦If the chrysanthemums were to die, so would Elisa. Elisa protects her garden with â€Å"wire fence that protected her flower garden from cattle and dogs and chickens.† (Steinbeck 210) The fence also protects Elisa from the man’s world. It isolates her and gives her a clear view but does not let her get tangled in it. The fence is her boundary of her world and as long as she stays within the boundaries she will be safe. Elisa does step outside the fence when the tinker comes to visit. He shows her a little bit of attention by taking interest in her chrysanthemums so that she will find him something to fix. He describes the chrysanthemums as â€Å"Kind of a long-stemmed flower? Looks like a quick puff of colored smoke?† (Steinbeck 212) she finds herself flattered by his comments. The chrysanthemums symbolize her femininity and sexuality when â€Å"she tore off the battered hat and shook out her dark pretty hair. The tinker restores her feeling about her femininity and sexuality. He made her realize that she did not need to step outside of her boundaries. All she needs to do is to make herself look more feminine. â€Å"She scrubbed herself with a little block of pumice, legs and thighs, loins and chest and arms, until her skin was scratched and red.† (Steinbeck 214) Elisa wears her best dress â€Å"which is the symbol of her prettiness† (Steinbeck 214) to impress Henry. HeShow MoreRelatedThe Use of Symbols in John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums720 Words   |  3 PagesIn John Steinbecks short story, The Chrysanthemums, he uses the flower to symbolize his main characters thoughts and ideas. There are many examples of such symbolism in this work. Elisa Allen is a lonely woman who enjoys growing and nourishing her chrysanthemums. Since her husband is always working the cattle in their farm, she never has enough attention or any kind of affection. The result of this dispassionate marriage leads Steinbeck to describe his main character as follows, Her faceRead More Use of Symbols and Symbolism in John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums944 Words   |  4 PagesUse of Symbols and Symbolism in John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      John Steinbecks short story The Chrysanthemums is about a proud, strong woman named Elisa Allen who feels frustrated with her present life. Her frustration stems from not having a child and from her husbands failure to admire her romantically as a woman. The only outlet for her frustration is her flower garden where she cultivates beautiful chrysanthemums. Steinbeck uses chrysanthemums as symbols of the inner-selfRead MoreEssay about Symbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck700 Words   |  3 PagesSymbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck At first glance John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums seems to be a story of a woman whose niche is in the garden. Upon deeper inspection, the story reveals strong symbolisms of children, vulnerability, and connection--being the most important, of the main character. Elisa Allen is the main character who is at her strongest and most proud in the garden and weakened when she becomes vulnerable and loses her connection to the outer worldRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums973 Words   |  4 Pages Prompt: How do the chrysanthemums as well as other symbols throughout the short story show women’s role in society? A Potential for Equality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humans, just as flowers, cannot fully live without sunlight. They cannot develop without nourishment, and most of all they cannot flourish if not carefully tended to. Just as the Chrysanthemums fight to stay strong and meaningful in the short story, â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck, the main character, Emily, tries to do the same. BothRead MoreEssay on Symbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck1179 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck A symbol is an act, person, thing, or spectacle that stands for something else, by association a usually broader idea in addition to its own literal meaning (Cassill Bausch, 1728). John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums may seem as a story describing a simple day with the Allen couple. It begins with Elisa Allen working in her garden and her husband, Henry Allen, negotiating with two suited business men that want to purchase steers. TheyRead More John Steinbecks â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† Essay1286 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Steinbecks â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums shows the true feelings of the main character, Elisa Allen, through the use of setting and her interactions with other characters in the story. By way of vivid descriptions, Elisas feelings of dissatisfaction over the lack of excitement in her life are portrayed. Her role as a mere housewife and then the subsequent change to feelings of a self-assured woman are clearly seen. These inner feelings are most apparent withRead MoreComparing John Steinbeck s Mice And Men And The Grapes Of Wrath1126 Words   |  5 PagesComparing and Contrasting Steinbeck John Steinbeck is a famous author known for many of his short stories, as well as the books Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath. His works have been studied and analyzed often because of his unique ability to create symbolism from small amounts of text. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story written by John Steinbeck, and was first published in 1939. It tells the story of a woman who feels she is capable of completing any task a man can, but is set back byRead MoreJohn Steinbecks Use of Symbolism in His Book The Chrysanthemums611 Words   |  2 PagesChrysanthemums John Steinbeck is remembered as one of the classic American writers, and his book Chrysanthemums is no exception. The title of the book is a reference to the symbols and plot of the story, a Chrysanthemum being a symbolic flower for the protagonist, Elisa Allen. The story is set during the Great Depression, and therefore marriage by arrangement was common in agricultural areas, as finding food and shelter were more important than childhood ambitions, as Elisa learned the hard wayRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums By John Steinbeck982 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story written by John Steinbeck. The story was originally published in 1937 before later being released as a part of his The Long Valley collection. This is an important story as it expresses women in a way that is more realistic, showing their true boredom, ambition, and capabilities. Some scholars interpreted this story differently, but C. Kenneth Pellow interprets it as â€Å"radically femin istic.† The Great Depression was finally ending and women’s rights were risingRead More Symbols and Symbolism - Flowers as a Symbol in John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums983 Words   |  4 PagesFlowers as a Symbol in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck      Ã‚  Ã‚   In romantic or sexual context, a woman is often said to be as beautiful as a flower. In John Steinbecks short story The Chrysanthemums, Elisa Allen never receives this recognition. Although she is a strong woman, she is frustrated because her husband will not admire her romantically in any way. This frustration only deepens because she is childless and feels the need to be a mother. She discovers an outlet for her frustration

The Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire was an imperial state that was founded in 1299 after growing out of the breakdown of several Turkish tribes. The empire then grew to include many areas in what is now present-day Europe. It eventually became one of the largest, most powerful and longest-lasting empires in the history of the world. At its peak, the Ottoman Empire included the areas of Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Hungary, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. It had a maximum area of 7.6 million square miles (19.9 million square kilometers) in 1595. The Ottoman Empire began to decline in the 18th century, but a portion of its land became what is now Turkey. Origin and Growth The Ottoman Empire began in the late 1200s during the breakup of the Seljuk Turk Empire. After that empire broke up, the Ottoman Turks began to take control of the other states belonging to the former empire and by the late 1400s, all other Turkish dynasties were controlled by the Ottoman Turks. In the early days of the Ottoman Empire, the main goal of its leaders was expansion. The earliest phases of Ottoman expansion occurred under Osman I, Orkhan, and Murad I. Bursa, one of the Ottoman Empires earliest capitals, fell in 1326. In the late 1300s, several important victories gained more land for the Ottomans and Europe began to prepare for Ottoman expansion. After some military defeats in the early 1400s, the Ottomans regained their power under Muhammad I. In 1453, they captured Constantinople. The Ottoman Empire then entered its height and what is known as the Period of Great Expansion, during which time the empire came to include the lands of over ten different European and Middle Eastern states. It is believed that the Ottoman Empire was able to grow so rapidly because other countries were weak and unorganized, and also because the Ottomans had advanced military organization and tactics for the time. In the 1500s, the Ottoman Empires expansion continued with the defeat of the Mamluks in Egypt and Syria in 1517, Algiers in 1518, and Hungary in 1526 and 1541. In addition, parts of Greece also fell under Ottoman control in the 1500s. In 1535, the reign of Sulayman I began and Turkey gained more power than it had under previous leaders. During the reign of Sulayman I, the Turkish judicial system was reorganized and Turkish culture began to grow significantly. Following Sulayman Is death, the empire began to lose power when its military was defeated during the Battle of Lepanto in 1571. Decline and Collapse Throughout the rest of the 1500s and into the 1600s and 1700s, the Ottoman Empire began a considerable decline in power after several military defeats. In the mid-1600s, the empire was restored for a short time after military victories in Persia and Venice. In 1699, the empire again began to lose territory and power subsequently. In the 1700s, the Ottoman Empire began to rapidly deteriorate following the Russo-Turkish Wars. A series of treaties created during that time caused the empire to lose some of its economic independence. The Crimean War, which lasted from 1853 to 1856, further exhausted the struggling empire. In 1856, the independence of the Ottoman Empire was recognized by the Congress of Paris but it was still losing its strength as a European power. In the late 1800s, there were several rebellions and the Ottoman Empire continued to lose territory. Political and social instability in the 1890s created international negativity toward the empire. The Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913 and uprisings by Turkish nationalists further reduced the empires territory and increased instability. Following the end of World War I, the Ottoman Empire officially came to an end with the Treaty of Sevres. Importance of the Ottoman Empire Despite its collapse, the Ottoman Empire was one of the largest, longest-lasting, and most successful empires in the worlds history. There are many reasons as to why the empire was as successful as it was, but some of them include its very strong and organized military and its centralized political structure. These early, successful governments make the Ottoman Empire one of the most important in history.

Task Dependency †Critical Path Free Essays

Dependencies and Network Diagram The network diagram is a schematic representation showing the sequence and relationship/ dependency of the tasks along with their duration. All the tasks, except the first and the last, are linked with at least one predecessor and successor to have a proper sequence of work. This logical dependency between the tasks will determine afterwards the duration of the project. We will write a custom essay sample on Task Dependency – Critical Path or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are four types of dependencies which define the relation between pair tasks Finish-to-start (FS- the second task ‘successor’ can’t begin until the first ’predecessor’ is completed), Finish-to-finish (FF- the completion of the successor depends on the completion of its predecessor), Start-to-start (SS- the start of the successor depends on the start of its predecessor), Start-to-finish (SF- the finish of the successor depends on the start of its predecessor). Critical Path However the duration of the project is meaningless without identifying what is driving the project, why the project takes so long, what possible action is required to shorten the duration or what possible risk may extend the project†¦ Among the set of activities interconnected on the diagram; there is always one longest duration path from start to end of the project travelling through the network, Carmichael D. (2006, p. 51). This longest path is also known as a critical path driving the project duration and all tasks falling on this path are called critical activities. Any delay which occurs on these critical activities will delay the project completion time as well. The critical path analysis is carried out in three steps. The first step consists of forward pass which calculates the early schedule (earliest start time and earliest finish time of a task). If a schedule activity has two or more predecessors, its early start is governed by the early finish time of the preceding activities whichever is maximum. The second step is the backward pass which calculates the late schedule (latest start and latest finish time of a task). If a schedule activity has one or more successor, its late finish is governed by the late start time of the succeeding activities whichever is minimum. Finally the third step calculates the total float and free float. It is therefore crucial to have dependency between pair of tasks in order to analyze the duration, critical path and critical activities of the project. Critical path helps the project team to complete the project efficiently and on time. Nonetheless critical path is dynamic in nature and changes depending on the progress of work, Furniss B. nd Trauner J. (2010). Constraints Wysocki (2012, pp. 205-209) explains that there are four types of constraints which each one has appropriate area of application 1- Technical constraint This is a dependency in which the successor activity can start with some output of the predecessor activity. According to Wysocki there are four types of dependencies under this technical constraint †¢ Discretionary constraint This is a judgmen t which may be introduced by the project manager to change the dependency between tasks and avoid further risk. Discretionary dependency is often called soft logic, Kerzner H. and Saladis F. (2009, p. 167). †¢ Best-practice constraint This refers to previous experience of the project manager or others in executing similar task to the present. In some circumstance, dependencies which come from past experience are part of risk-aversion. The dependencies vary from industry to industry either to faster production (SS) or to avoid risk (FS- mostly building construction starts after the design is finished) †¢ Logical constraint It is a result of the project manger’s way of thinking or common sense to follow logical sequence between pair tasks in such a way the logic is reasonable and justifiable. †¢ Unique constraint It occurs usually when a specific/critical resource is required for the execution of several tasks. 2- Management constraint This constraint is imposed by the management and dependencies of tasks can be reversed to a better one should the need arise. 3- Interproject constraint My current project is a construction of student accommodation and has a specific requirement for the toilet to be installed in the student rooms. This toilet is called prefabricated bathroom POD which should be manufactured as a complete standalone unit with floor and wall tiles, door, shower tray, water closet (WC), bidet, hand wash basin, mirror, hair drier†¦ off-site. The construction of the pods is a separate project. The pods are, then, transported to the site, lifted with crane and installed in the building. The installation of external masonry blockworks on the main project can only start after the delivery and installation of pod is finished (see attached picture). 4- Date constraint This constraint preset a fixed start or finish date for deliverable to make it happen on a specific date. There are three types of constraints. The first and the most annoying constraint which I exercised on my current project is the ‘on this date’. In order to energize all the utility services and proceed with all subsequent testing and commissioning activities, we (the contractor) needed to know when the power supply will be provided/completed by the client. The client ordered the contractor to submitted programme of work applying a constraint â€Å"on this date† for power-on connection task. We prepared the programme accordingly and highlighted the client that the project will be completed on X date from the day we receive the power-on. Unfortunately the power-on could not happen on the specified date and ALL of our subsequent activities were affected. The sequence of work was totally distorted with difficulties to construe the schedule resulting negative float. ‘No later than’ is the second constraint you can impose on a task to limit the latest finish time it can be finished. This constraint can, as well result negative float. The third constraint is the ‘No earlier than’ which specifies the earliest date a task can be finished but cannot result negative float by itself. Conclusion In general the combination of different dependencies and constraints build the project schedule and form the network diagram which is a tool to understand the sequence of work and critical activities in the project. Carmichel D. (2006) Project Planning and Control London: Taylor Francis Furniss, Brian J. and Trauner, Theodore J. (2010) ‘The Critical Path: Definition vs. Understanding’, Construct, 19(1), [Online]. Available at: http://ehis. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. liv. ac. uk/eds/detail? sid=89b2f511-7e34-41db-8676-5d3f40f45afe%40sessionmgr10vid=1hid=3bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9hAN=52161761 (Accessed: 05 October 2012) Wysocki, R. K. (2012) Effective Project Management: traditional, agile, extreme. 6th edn. Indianapolis: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Kerzner, H. and Saladis F. (2009) Project Management Workbook. 10th edn. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons, Inc. How to cite Task Dependency – Critical Path, Essay examples

Why do we work

Introduction For a long period of time, human life has been defined by the lifestyles people live and ownership of property. Most people are recognized in the society because of who they are in terms of occupation and daily activities. The desire to advance in our careers has significantly grown, with most people preferring to do everything it might take them to attain a certain status in life (Curry 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why do we work? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, what we do is directly linked to who we are, our satisfaction, and the desire to excel. All these elements are based on work and what a person does on a daily basis. While there are several perspectives on work, people work for various reasons. Work For instance, some people take work as the only way of keeping themselves busy in life. In other words, life would be quite boring and unbearable for such individuals. In essence, people who â€Å"love† work consider it as a choice, which makes the life complete. Besides being a choice, work also allows people to earn a living through monetary payment. In most cases, people are paid for their work unless they are engaged in voluntary activities (Curry 1). In the present day society, every leader is concerned with creating more job opportunities to allow more people to work. Similarly, ways of creating more working hours have been adopted to increase the output of individuals and firms in most parts of the world. Another element, which is tied to work is success. Most people have been carried away by the notion that one can only be successful as a result of work. This is however true or false based on one’s definition of success. With changing societal values, the definition of success has also changed, and includes certain elements like happiness, satisfaction, and love (Loth 335). Working allows a person to become famous and to connect with other people. While work can be viewed from a positive perspective, other schools of thought have opposing ideas based on its impact. It is doubtless that the world has significantly changed, either positively or negatively as a result of work. Due to advancement in technology and industrialization, companies experience better performance with reduced expenditure (WebProNews Staff 1). Additionally, employees enjoy working, because of efficient systems, which simplify tasks. This is however attributed to long working hours, a trend that dominates most workplaces. As a result of wireless devices like computers and smartphones, people are able to extend their working hours at home or somewhere else outside the office. With the massive use of the internet, it is possible to monitor employees while at home or assign tasks and evaluate performance while you are on vacation.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper w ith 15% OFF Learn More Although extended working hours increase productivity and may keep people busy when they are away from office, it is important to highlight some of the negative effects, which come with this culture. For instance, people who are addicted to work get detached from other aspects of life. Instead of developing stronger relationships with family members, it is possible to replace this with extra working hours (WebProNews Staff 1). This leads to broken or weak social relationships, where every member of the family lives a different life. Additionally, other activities like physical exercises get substituted leading to other dangers like obesity. It is therefore important to have a balance between work and other aspects of life. This is essential in promoting a holistic progress in human life. Works Cited Curry, Andrew. â€Å"Why We Work.† US News, 2003. Web. Loth, Renee. â€Å"Measuring success.† University of California, Berkeley, 2010. Web. https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~dksong/gosh10.pdf. WebProNews Staff. â€Å"Yahoo Says Americans Work Too Much.† WebProNews, 2007. Web. This essay on Why do we work? was written and submitted by user Omar Conner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ronald Ryan Essay

Ronald Ryan Essay Ronald Ryan Essay Who: Ronald Ryan What: Ronald Ryan was convicted of murder of George Hodson and was given a death penalty due to an escape from the Pentridge prison on the 19th of December 1965. This occurred when Ryan heard his wife was seeking a divorce, and decided to plan an escape with fellow imprisoner Peter John Walker, which he met when he was placed into the B division. Before he had been convicted of murder, Ryan was charged with Burglary, Identity theft and several drug crimes. The murder of George Hodson occurred when Hodson had rushed out to the 1st post as he was having â€Å"lunch† prior to the first whistle of when Ryan and Walker had escaped onto the Pentridge car park and drove off in a car. Hodson chased after the two men, Ryan and walker, throughout the Sydney Rd intersection, O’hea Street, Champ Street and in-between cars as Ryan was trying to commander them to get around the cars. Ryan had had a rifle with them also, but before he had aimed at Hodson, William Bennet was standing o n the second floor aiming his rifle towards Ryan and Walker. At that stage walker was being chased by Hodson, so Ryan had taken a couple of steps forward and shot Hodson, as he fell to the ground... he had been struck by 1 bullet. Ryan and Walker then had continued to be on the run towards the west. When: December 19th, 1965 @ 2pm (He escaped from prison) Died, 3rd February 1967 How: It started by Ryan’s wife’s decision which tempted him to escape to figure was going on. Why: After Ryan had found out that his wife was seeking for a divorce, he organised an escape plan with his fellow prisoner friend Peter John Walker, which he met when he was placed in B division. He then also decided a plan to take himself and his family and fly to Brazil where there was no extradition treaty with Australia. Why was he in jail? He was in jail due to Burglary, Identity theft and Drug crimes. What is capital punishment? Capital punishment is the legal and authorized killing of a person as a result of a punishment for committing a crime. When was it abolished in Australia? Capital punishment was abolished in 1975. This was taken into consideration after the Ronald Ryan case in 1967. Was Ronald Ryan an innocent man? There is an uncertainty if Ronald Ryan had shot him, Or the prison guard Robert Patterson which had fired a shot from the wall of the prison. Patterson had insisted that his rifle was aimed into the air to avoid a bystander. The second guard Doug Pascoe, had also admitted shooting but the police

Air Transportation - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Air Transportation - Smart Custom Writing Gay MarriagesIn the United States, homosexuality and consequently, same-sex marriages, has resulted in a lot of controversy and the trading of accusations and counter-accusations. Conceptually, marriage is defined as a legal and religious long-term commitment between two people of the opposite sex. This stretches further to incorporate rights in financial responsibilities and benefits as assigned to heterosexual couples. However, this traditional view is increasingly facing change and opposition. Several states such as Massachusetts, Connecticut, California, Iowa, the District of Columbia and, New Jersey have already reflected this clamour for change and adopted legislation allowing gay marriages. In these states therefore, homosexual couples have the freedom to decide whether to marry or not in a legally acceptable manner. The gay couples can enjoy mutual couple benefits such as legal spouse representation, medical visitations, pension benefits and inheritance rights accorded to the bereaved. In a few other states such as Rhode Island, Hawaii, Maine, Colorado and Wisconsin have instituted domestic partnership laws whereby gay couples can enjoy limited rights though gay marriages are out rightly outlawed. This has however not influenced the society to radically accept gay couples and end all stigma and discrimination directed unto them. Proponents of the entrenchment of gay rights into the United States Constitution argue that barring homosexual marriages is tantamount to discrimination. The essence of the United States Constitution is to protect and preserve minorities' rights and hence gay advocates feel that the federal government or anyone else should not bar marriage to any minorities. This argument is further supported by the Interracial Marriage Act whereby marriages across races were prohibited in the United States till 1967. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the pros and cons of gay marriages and evaluate them from a basis of whether it is plausible to not only legalise them but also mount awareness campaigns to de-stigmatize them, (Dunlap, 15 march 1995). There are various arguments that have been put forward in support of gay marriages. These range from rights in freedom in the Bill of Rights, inherent rights, societal perspectives and biological claims. First, lobbyists and advocates for gay couples feel that if they are not legalized, this will be tantamount to isolation of their rights to religious freedom. Opponents to this have expressed the fact that all major religions consider homosexual relationships as a sin. However, the First Amendment as entrenched in the American Constitution that every person’s rights and views pertaining to religion or lack thereof be it a minority group or not, must be protected. The marriage institution is a secular and societal activity in contrast to the widely acknowledged view as a solely religious perspective of people’s lives. Therefore, the government cannot base laws on a religious concept. This can be equated as entrenching the mentioning of God’s name in vain as a crim e. Secondly, benefits that accrue to a married couple such as joint property ownership and medical benefits are also accorded to gay couples if their unions are legalized. Vital societal and mutual benefits such as tax reduction, property ownership, insurance benefits and agency laws affect a couple’s decision-making. For instance, if a partner in a gay couple that has lived together for twenty years falls ill, visitation rights to the other partner are denied since they are not recognized by law as the next of kin or spouse. Therefore, critical decisions such as incapacitation are not discussed conclusively by the couple. This, as the advocates pointedly illustrate, is unfair just because these individuals do not fit a state definition. Thirdly, gay couples and various couples not only feel that this is an accepted lifestyle but also cite biological causation. Over time, the widely held conception that homosexuality is a deviant sexual behavior is fading out. History, dating back to the Greece indicates the existence of homosexual relationships and the origin of such terms such as Lesbos for lesbians. Psychological research is underway that has already achieved in showing that same-sex relationships have a biological causation. However, caution should be taken to differentiate this from a genetic causation which has no substantial basis. This is depicted by the fact that in most gay couples, one partner exhibits characteristics of the opposite sex such as softer voices in males and strong cheekbones in females. There would be absolutely no need for an individual to choose to be gay in a world that frowns upon the same. This argument therefore renders support to the implied theory that homosexuality is involuntary, ( Hetter, 3June 1996). Fourthly, denying gay couple the right to a legal marriage is discriminatory. America was founded on the concept of majority rule with the protection of minorities such as the anti-slavery acts and inter-racial marriages. Furthermore, it does not hurt anyone in particular or the society. A marriage is deemed as a personal commitment between two people and should not be dictated upon by society. On to the fifth argument for gay marriages, it is important to note marriages are founded on the basis of love not the mutual benefits accorded by the state on couples. This is a life-time commitment whereby the partners vow to support each other through thick and thin and forsake all others till death. It is noteworthy that legal maneuvers accorded to couples in several states have not served to quest the clamor for legalization and acceptance of marriages. This implies there is more to these marriages than just legal aspects. The sixth argument put forward is that gay marriages will entrench family values whereby couples will give up high-risk sexual behaviors. This is a two-edged approach whereby the opposite can be viewed as the erosion of family virtues. However, marriages encourage people to settle down and give up frivolous lifestyles which expose them to STDs and other risks. When married couples commit to building a life together, they depict a positive desirable behavior that should be encouraged, (Member Resolution and Opinion Poll, 2005 ). Finally, it is important to note that gay couples enjoy the same financial benefits and constraints encountered by heterosexual marriages. Therefore, a homosexual marriage ensures couples support each other especially in the face of the ongoing turbulent economic times. They can easily meet their bills and utilities and live the American dream if these unions are legalized. On the other hand, opponents to this legislation have come up with a myriad number of reasons as to why gay marriages should not be legalized. First and chief among these is the religious aspect. Most religions in the world today consider homosexuality a great sin. Homosexuality is not only deeply opposed by the various religions in the country but it is also deemed offensive. It is seen as limiting the freedom of religion enjoyed by the majority. The fact that the United States Constitution was founded under a religious perspective and highly borrows from the Christian Bible further serves to indicate the citizens’ opposition to homosexuality. Hence, laws prohibiting homosexuality should be upheld,. Secondly, the legalization of gay marriages shall weaken the definition and perspective attached to marriage as per se. With rising cases of divorce, which are projected at 50 percent, the respect accorded to marriages has already been weakened. Gay marriages, if legalized, are expected to increase the number of non-serious marriages viewed as making fun of this serious intuition such as individuals desiring to be tax-exempt. This shall be in utter contrast to the widely felt view that marriage is a sacred institution that should be well-adhered to. Further, this is supported by the fact that only people in the opposite sex can pro-create. Most activists against homosexuality feel that it encourages adoption while ignoring pro-creation, which is viewed as a gift from God. Secondly, the full adoption of marriage into the social setup shall ideally weaken the perspective in which traditional family values are held as the most vital in society. The chief building blocks of every society is the traditional nuclear family setup of man, woman and children. This has been the reason as to why societies have managed to remain rational throughout historical events such as the world wars, the great depression and other similar challenges. Family members have always stuck up close even when friends and lovers forsake thee. Therefore, it is noteworthy that our societies are crumbling due to the increasing change in perception of families and the weakening of their structure. Introducing another perceptive view to the already weakened family view shall definitely worsen the situation. Thirdly, this would trigger a slippery slope in the scope of the legality of marriages. Contrary to the proposition by gay proponents that these marriages would hurt no-one, this would trigger the onset of a chain reaction that would ultimately lead to a radical change in the whole idea of marriage. Abhorrent traits such as incest in which closely relate family members intermarry may come up. There is therefore a need to define the institution of family and marriage firmly, otherwise, the options and variations might prove to be endless. This may sound absurd, but it is vital to note that it does not take the majority to change this but a few activist judges to change these laws by interpreting them under the doctrine of stare decisis so as to impose this on everyone just as was the case in where two judges in California declared the Pledge of Allegiance unconstitutional, (Dunlap, 15 march 1995). Finally, the gay culture, under a psychological analysis and review, should not be encouraged. This is since it leads to psychological disorders, much lower life expectancy which is indicated at less than twenty years in comparison to the general population which can be attributed to the hassles experienced by this couples; and the highly likely transmittance of Sexually Transmitted Diseases as is the case in the studies conducted in Haiti by Centre of Disease Control. There is therefore a need to discourage unhealthy practices that are detrimental to humanity, (Hetter, 3June 1996). In conclusion, it is important to note the controversy on gay marriages and homosexuality is a societal issue that must be resolved. Either the proponents and advocates of homosexuality will attain legislative and mutual recognition over time or the opponents of this change will manage to contain this whirlwind. It is therefore vital to analyze various articles that have appeared in the recent past which act as pointers as to the direction this crucial debate is taking,. References D, W. (August 22, 2008). What's the Harm?: Does Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage Really Harm Individuals, Families or Society? Lanham: University Press of America. Dunlap, D. (15 march 1995). Some States Trying To Stop Gay Marriages Before They Start. wall street journal , 18. Hetter, K. ( 3June 1996). The New Civil Rights Battle . U.S News and World Report , 28-31. Member Resolution and Opinion Poll. ( 2005 , August Friday,26). Retrieved November 18, 2010,

Sociological theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sociological theory - Essay Example His book - Suicide: In the preface of suicide Durkheim says,† There can be no sociology unless societies exist, and societies cannot exist if there are only individuals." In this quotation and throughout his book Durkheim insists that society constitute a reality in itself, and could never be reduced to individuals. The proper focus of sociology was not the individual, but social facts which for Durkheim deal with attributes of society, not of individuals. Durkheim argued that if acts like suicide were purely individual in nature, they would fluctuate wildly from year to year. Social facts in contrast would be far less likely to exhibit such wide fluctuations, because societies seldom change that rapidly. Durkheims famous study of suicide took suicide rates as a dependent variable. Durkheim argued that two central variables--social integration and normative regulation--were independent variables that explained variation in suicide rates. He said that individuality can prosper o nly in a free society that promotes voluntary bonds between its members. In ‘Le Suicide’ Durkheim argues that collective social forces hold the upper hand for suicide than extra social or individual causes. In this book Durkheim argues that suicide is something which primarily results from a lack of integration of the individual into society, and it provides an incredibly detailed and complex understanding of the impetus for suicide as well as on it psychological and physical impact not only on the victim but also on their family and society in general. Erving Goffman: June 11, 1922 – November 19, 1982), was a sociologist and writer. The 73rd president of American Sociological Association, Goffmans greatest contribution to social theory is his study of symbolic interaction in the form of dramaturgical perspective that began with his 1959 book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life and was developed throughout his life. Goffman became one of the most

Engineering semulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engineering semulation - Essay Example There are four tasks to be done: first is to show how to plot a specific behaviour of a system; the second task is about choosing the suitable time step for the simulation; in the third task I have to find the best spring stiffness, under certain speed and the last task is to describe the experience of using COSMOSMOTIONS and highlighting its advantages and disadvantages This sub-assembly has two rocker arms, two valves and a camshaft. It has to be analyzed. The least contact force between the rocker and the camshaft is to be found by varying (changing) the spring stiffness. I deleted the lower parts of the complex system as seen in the picture. If it was included, the program will take too much time to calculate such a complex system. For task 1 to plot the contact force, linear velocity and linear acceleration charts, the motor speed was kept at 100 rpm. This is the linear velocity chart. The chart shows the rocker speed first rises up as the rocker rises and reaches a point where the speed becomes zero. Then speed starts decreasing while the rocker is retrieving its position. This motion is periodic and is repeated continuously. Task two: controlling the accuracy in the simulation. The size of the time step is an important factor which affects the error in the simulation. Larger time step increases the error and a very small time step will cause the simulation program to take too much time to calculate; a suitable time step is to be chosen. The program has 98.7% probability that it’s accurate and the 2.3% probability is for a value between 317 and the first 42 value on the force chart. I select the second accurate time step which is 0.00001 for the best efficiency and results in the minimum time. Choosing smaller time step will take more time to calculate, without any improvement in accuracy: Task 2 ends here. For task 3, I set motor speed to 7800 rpm and find

Control The Incidence Of Different Diseases And Conditions Health Essay

Control The Incidence Of Different Diseases And Conditions Health Essay The relevant authorities responsible for maintaining public health such as local authorities, health trusts, government institutions, voluntary organizations etc are required to measure, monitor and control the incidence of different diseases and conditions which occur in a community. In epidemiology, incidence is a measure of a persons likelihood or risk of developing some new disease within a specified time period and is best expressed as a rate or a probability. Incidence is also a mathematical quantity that describes the occurrence of a disease Y in a population. It is the proportion of persons in the population, who newly develop the disease Y within a given time period (t): The measure of incidence is stated below: Incidence in population P  Ã‚  =  Ã‚  Ã‚   # who develop the disease Y in population p in a time t   # in population p The practice of disease monitoring is a complex subject and the method implemented in order to carry out this practice varies slightly according the nature of the disease and the extent of the geographical area in which the disease is to be monitored. Surveillance and monitoring are crucial to provide countries with the information needed about development of policies and programs for non-communicable diseases, and to support the assessment of these initiatives and monitor progress. The capacity to undertake surveillance for these purposes varies greatly around the world and was judged inadequate in many low-income and middle-income countries. Some disease monitoring programs are planned to occur in phases over an approximate period to allow for the collection, processing and assimilation of all of the sample material and its association with other recorded parameters.  Ã‚  Once results have been obtained and analyzed, the findings of the study will be published and will be made av ailable to all of the health and social care authorities and professionals of the area studied. The results of the disease monitoring projects and knowledge gained from the study will be  very helpful  with regards to future treatment protocols, therefore improving the health care in addition to aiding the understanding of the disease  thereby ultimately assisting in its prevention. The reports and findings arrived at while conducting the research is as follows: Preliminary outbreak assessments Qualitative risk assessments A surveillance framework, including a minimum set of indicators covering exposures and outcomes, is essential for policy development and assessment and for monitoring of trends in disease. Data must be collected, analyzed and used in a regular and systematic way. The interval between the episodes of data collection may vary depending on the measurements involved and the infrastructure available to conduct surveys. Surveillance involves commitment to data collection on an ongoing repeated basis, as well as the use of the data for public health policy. Four considerations guide the choice of risk factors for inclusion in surveillance activities: The significance of the risk factor for public health in terms of the nature and severity of the morbidity, disability and mortality of the NCDs associated with these risk factors. The cost of collecting valid data on a repeated basis; The availability and strength of the evidence that intervening on the factor will reduce non communicable diseases in the community. The ability to measure the risk factor burden uniformly in different settings to ensure comparability and to measure changes over time. The next most important aspect in maintaining public health after disease monitoring is conducted (and if a disease appears to be rampant) is the process of disease control. Control of a disease is the reduction in its incidence, prevalence, mortality and morbidity and elimination of a particular disease in a geographical area may be achieved as a result of intervention programs such as individual protection by the use of vaccines etc. Public Health applies a wide variety of tools for the prevention and control of infectious disease and their transmission by following a range of activities including the filtration and disinfection of community drinking water to environmental vector control, immunization programs etc. Another important program implemented by health and social care authorities in an effort to control the spread of disease is by organizing programs to promote self- protection, case findings and effective treatment of infections to stop their spread to other people (eg: HIV, Tuberculosis, malaria etc). Most importantly planning measures need to be in place. Health promotion is one of the most essential instruments of infectious disease control. It promotes community support of preventive measures. Means of controlling communicable diseases is mentioned below: Epidemiological monitoring Immunization Environmental measures Laboratory research and confirmation Immunization programs Epidemiology of Malaria in South Africa Incidence Rates- In 2006,  South Africa  reported 12,098 cases of  malaria  (incidence rate  25.9 per 100000 person-years) including 87 deaths.   Geographical Distribution- South Africa Vulnerable Groups- Young Children Non- Immune Pregnant Women Semi- Immune Pregnant Women People with HIV/AIDS International travelers from non-endemic areas Immigrants from endemic areas and their children Causes- Malaria is caused by  Plasmodium  parasites. The parasites are spread to people through the bites of infected  Anopheles  mosquitoes, called malaria vectors, which bite mainly between dusk and dawn. The intensity of transmission depends on factors related to the parasite, the vector, the human host, and the environment. Spread- The parasites that cause  malaria  are transmitted by a species of insects which are known as the female Anopheles mosquitoes. These parasites multiply within the red blood cells. Malaria spreads when the amount of this particular type of mosquito multiplies. Controls- Vector control is the primary public health intervention for reducing malaria transmission at the community level. It is the only intervention that can reduce malaria transmission from very high levels to close to zero. In high transmission areas, it can reduce child mortality rates and the prevalence of severe anemia. For individuals personal protection against mosquito bites represents the first line of defense for malaria prevention. Two forms of vector control are as follows: Insecticide treated mosquito nets Indoor spraying with residual insecticides South African Department of Health Malaria case statistics Provincial distribution of notified malaria cases, South Africa, 2000 Notified malaria cases by age group, South Africa, 2000-2002 Epidemiology of Cardio Vascular Disease in South Africa Incidence Rates- 165.3 and 101.2 per 100,000 South Africans of Indian descent and 5.3 per 100,000 among black African people. Geographical Distribution- South Africa Vulnerable Groups- Smokers, drinkers, drug addicts and drug abusers, obese and inactive individuals and individuals with high cholesterol who consume unhealthy food. Causes- Any disease that affects the normal functioning of blood vessels, arteries, veins and the heart are categorized under  cardiovascular diseases. They are also called as  heart diseases. The most common causes are smoking, alcohol and drugs, unhealthy diet and an inactive sedentary lifestyle. Control- Being active and eating the right foods will go a long way in preventing or controlling heat diseases. If you already have coronary heart disease it is never too late to adopt a healthy dietary change and a more balanced lifestyle. The only means of controlling this non communicable disease is by promoting and educating the public on transforming their unhealthy lifestyles into a healthier one. There are different approaches and strategies used in order to control the incidence of disease in a community. These approaches are surveillance, screening, immunization, education, legislation, improving social welfare and environmental controls. All these different approaches serve their purpose of being efficient tools for controlling the onset and spread of disease but they have to be used in combination with one another in order to be effective. For example, in the case of malaria epidemic in South Africa, an effective strategy to control the spread must begin with an immunization program directed at the vulnerable groups in the region. At the same time, environmental controls need to put in place in order to ensure that there is not a place left for the mosquitoes to breed freely. Thereafter disease surveillances and screenings must be carried out in order to track the patterns and identify the trends in order to develop more efficient prevention strategies. Government legisla ture too will help in this regard, if governments decide to grant more aid to local health institutions and authorities, it will be able to offer better facilities to the ill and infected and treat more patients whilst at the time, possessing more resources in order to vaccinate a broader range or people and provide them with the necessary insecticides. The personal health of the health and social care workers plays a paramount role in any community in the world. These professionals work at hospitals, nursing and personal  care  facilities, individual and family services etc and there main area of focus in on treating and caring for the ill. It is due to this reason that they need to be in a strong physical and mental state in order for these individuals to give their best to the people who are ill, as the sick need extra care and a lot of energy is required to fulfill their needs. Sick people have weak immunity systems and because these individuals work with the ill and injured on a day to day basis, it is very important that they too are very healthy so that they wont pass on any diseases to those people who can contract it very easily and make their condition worse. In order for the health professionals to be passionate about health and promoting health, they have to be in their best state of physical and mental health in ord er to make an impact. The collection of epidemiological data is very important as it helps to curb future epidemiological conditions. Epidemiology recognizes and measures the happenings of events in populations. Therefore modern epidemiology is able to become a science of prediction. It works by developing different models of the incidence of events, so when conditions occur that fit the developed models, events can be predicted and prevented. The practicing epidemiologist, therefore, attempts to describe the natural history of disease by determining why the disease originates and how it spreads in populations, therefore the practice of epidemiology is important because the concepts of epidemiology science is concerned with the circumstances under which people get sick and attempts to alter these circumstances so as to protect individuals from future illness. In addition to that, the inclusion of multiple data sources in the decision making process enables decision makers to make strong and valid decision s on matters pertaining to the countries health sector based on the findings presented in the epidemiological date. (Surveillance data along with social, demographic, geographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics must all be included in the decision making process to paint a three dimensional picture of the epidemic). There are many priorities and approaches in the provision of health and social care services in the prevention, treatment, remedial care and palliative care for people with a disease or illness. The priorities of the health and social care professionals in this regard is to fulfill the needs of the patients while in their care and provide them with the necessary treatment required to nurse them back to good health. Disease prevention is the top priority in fighting diseases through immunization, good hygiene and following disease protocols when an epidemic suddenly emerges. The priorities in the treatment of disease are to first identify the illness and then assign the required treatment. The treatment approach will vary depending on the illness or injury but usually involves medicinal drugs and bed rest. If condition is serious, surgical procedures must be performed. However, the required treatment must be identified accurately and a top priority is to ensure the patient is comforta ble while in hospital taking treatment. The current lifestyle choices of the people will affect the future needs of Health and Social Care provision with regards to diet, exercise, substance use, work culture, relaxation etc. This is because in this day and age, many people eat unhealthy and dont exercise regularly. Also food contains lots of chemicals and artificial preservatives which is detrimental to the health. Work culture is also incredibly stressful and all these factors together can be detrimental to ones health in the long run. Therefore, in the future it will become necessary for the relevant authorities to anticipate the increase in non communicable diseases and develop new technologies and strategies in order to tackle them effectively. The responsibilities of the health and social care professionals of a region are numerous in the preservation of public health and wellbeing. Their role is imperative in any community. It is these individuals who are faced with the task of ensuring that the needs of the ill and injured are met. It is not an easy task.   Health care providers who have experience working on the front line are often placed in the unique position of educating, training, and preparing the environment for change in addition to influencing national health care policy. In addition to treating the sick, health care professionals are also faced with the task of educating the general public; training interns, work with key stakeholders on issues of advocacy, capacity development, and implementation of health policies at country level and their work to help achieve the goals of the government. It is important to promote a healthy lifestyle among a community and this could contribute positively to the prevention of many communicable and non- communicable diseases. This is due to the reason that many of the non communicable diseases prevalent today are due to lack of exercise, improper eating and abusing drugs and alcohol. These factors alone, contribute significantly to contracting chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, hypertension etc. Therefore, by just making simple changes to ones lifestyle, one can avoid and prevent oneself from developing these diseases. In the case of communicable diseases, these too can be avoided by promoting healthy lifestyles because if one eats right and exercises regularly, one will develop a strong immunity that will protect against contracting various communicable diseases. Prevention is better than cure is a well heard of term. Undoubtedly, with regards to some medical conditions and diseases in our community, prevention is indeed better than cure. This is because in this day and age falling ill is very costly in countries that dont provide its citizens with free healthcare. Falling sick takes a toll on ones finances and can be very time consuming with hospitalization and repeated visits to the doctors. Also, an individual will have to be on continuous medication depending on the illness and this too will be costly and inconvenient. For example, if a person develops diabetes he will have to take insulin injections on a regular basis which will be very inconvenient. Also it may hinder ones ability of going to work and if the primary bread winner of a family falls sick, it can be very detrimental to the entire family. Also, the patient and his family will have to undergo a lot of hardship and it will effect their mental state of wellbeing. By simply eati ng right and exercising regularly, while staying away from intoxicants will enable a person to prevent from developing many chronic diseases. Also, he will feel healthier and happier and his immune system will be strong so his chances of developing communicable illnesses are also low.

Idea of Belonging

The idea of belonging is an important and fundamental value in our lives. Belonging most commonly emerges from experience and notions of identity, relationships, acceptance and understanding. The sense of belonging is represented in various ways throughout texts such asâ€Å"Ancestor† by Peter Skrzynecki and ‘China Coin’. Each of the texts has a wide range of ideas on how belonging is created though personal experiences and notion of acceptance and understanding. In â€Å"Ancestors† Peter Skrzynecki expresses a detachment from ancestors resulting in a lack of belonging in terms of relationship and understanding. Being separated from his heritage, the speaker experiences a kind of guilt about not being attached to his parents’ culture, but also a sense that this issue will have to be resolved, even if doing so may involve some distress and turmoil. The use of active voice in the poem shows – there are no passive voice verbs at all — his need to do something about the problem of belonging. The â€Å"bearded, faceless men† represent the shadow/spirit of his ancestors but the speaker may also be actually referring to photographs he has seen of these ancestors â€Å"standing shoulder to shoulder† – which also depicts the unity of these ancestors and the force they create is firm in his mind and forces him to find out what his roots are. â€Å"The eyes never close† shows that the moment is still and may be evidence that he is in a dream partly based on looking at such photos. A questioning tone also carries on throughout the poem. This questioning is about his identity though examination of the past which is represented by the ancestors, creating a sense of reflection and investigation on his relationship to his ancestors. But we can see that throughout the poem Skrzynecki is refusing to explore the past of these ancestors because he is afraid of the tainted, torturous past which stops him continued searching for a home: â€Å"To what star do their footprints lead? † This not only evokes his fear of the past but also shows that his uncertainty about re-rooting to his ancestral culture. The ancestors â€Å"Never speak â€Å"implying that those ancestors communicate to â€Å"you† in some other way. The poem is mainly a nightmare about the idea of ancestry/belonging, and Skrzynecki uses the blood allusion in â€Å"The wind tastes of blood† to show that the root is in our blood which connects us to our ancestors. However, the speaker’s sense of alienation from his ancestors has blocked his ability to belong and find the relationship between him and the ancestors. Blood† therefore limits our understanding of our past, which is what we originally belong to. Comparing to Peter Skrzynecki, Leah in The China Coin chooses to belong with her mum and her friends and being positive and happy. At beginning, Leah's relationship with her mum Joan was strained since she refers to her as the â€Å"evil aunt† â€Å"Joan†,evil aunt is a technique of metaphor,it shows nagetive feelings † Joan† is a technique of 3 rd person which sh ows the distance between Leah & â€Å"Joan. Espicially when Leah is lost during the student protest and result in a huge arguement with Joan†It's your rotten China. â€Å"presents again a big difference from Both Joan and Leah,through the emphasis on â€Å"your† and â€Å"from China with the describtive word â€Å"rotten† Comparing to Peter's relationship with his school and folk museum, Leah's realtionship with her mum at first was even more unstisfactory . But rather than running away and belonging to someone else,Leah has stayed with her mum and tried to fix this relationship. When she decides to end the conflict with her mother and rebuild the relationship,saying â€Å"It's over†Leah took Joan's hand and squeezed†we've been through a lot,eh†The action of squeezing echoes they are becoming closer. While Leah decided to belong to her Chinese culture,she also finds a second home. Even though Leah is reserved,the warmth and acceptance of this family draw her in,it's also for the first time Leah was thinking of Joan's family as her family. further more,Leah again builds relationships with family members Ke, Linan and uncle Tong. When the other half of the coin falls from the croll. Leah's reaction is positive†Li-Nan crushed her pounded her on the back and called her â€Å"sister† The symbolism of the strong hug and approval by Li Nan shows her acceptance into this family. Leah also build a special relationship with her cousin Ke. When Joan's in the hospital,Ke becomes the only one who Leah can depend on. She decides to build a relationship with him in order to belong with him. Since then,Ke refers to Leah with the word†mate†,This typical Australian word presents Ke accepted Leah and her clture. Also mate's a very positive word. It shows a positive relationship with people that's what it exactly represents here. Comparing to Peter's homeless, Leah both physically and mentally chooses to belong,therefore,she gets a positive and good result. Each of the texts shows us a strong will to belong and we can see that the ways people achieve belonging emerge from all these elements. Therefore it can be said that the texts have provided a wide range of ideas on belonging that support the statement that â€Å"a sense of belonging can emerge from experiences and notions of acceptance and understanding. †

The Fundamentals of Comparative Essay Samples Revealed

The Fundamentals of Comparative Essay Samples Revealed There's, obviously, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. To be successful Real Estate Agent, one should be knowledgeable in regards to the industry. Therefore it's important to make the crucial enquiries in order to abide with the laws on turning into a Real Estate Agent. For example to be a Real Estate Agent one will require a license and a few start up cash. The Upside to Comparative Essay Samples After all, the task of the student is to just explain how other positions might not be well informed or current on this issue. To get ready for the demands of middle school and higher school writing, fifth graders ought to be mastering skills necessary for strong nonfiction writing. In the recent days, education is thought of as one of the most vital elements that help determine the creation of e very society. In the USA, students graduate from the center school mainly at the time of 13. Choosing Good Comparative Essay Samples Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. Furthermore, these essays permit students develop critical thinking skills to approach a selection of topics. A narrative essay is believed to be among the most popular forms of tasks that students get all too often. Writing a comparative essay is similar to arranging a party in the feeling that you absolutely musthave a program. You have to find subjects that it is possible to compare andcontrast. You will need to also make sure you are extremely clear which of the 2 topics you're referring to. The topics should be specific. Where to Find Comparative Essay Samples The standard of example you use will ascertain the worth of your final paper. When you've written your paper, you will also have to devote time on the cleanup. If you're going to write a comparative essay, you want to get a notion of the impacts of distinct aspects to the result you could get at the conclusion of the writing activity. You can discover a lot from using these sources and utilize them as your guide to successfully finish your paper. Comparative Essay Samples - Dead or Alive? Thus the comparative essay topics ought to be about two areas, which could be measured up to each other to earn essay writing accurate. You've got to write another essay. An essay was defined in a number of means. You could also see analytical essay. A Comparative Essay format is comparable to the normal essay layout. Essays term papers dissertations and a lot more. Before writing a comparative essay, you first have to arm yourself with the information you need. Essay writing per se is no simple job to do. Whether it's an argumentative or expository essay which you're writing, it is essential to develop a clear thesis statement and a very clear sound reasoning. Grow the essay structure Essays have various structures. A more elaborate thesis will often incorporate both similarities and differences. Research is the initial step. Comparison may also be made of any 2 themes that are linked. Ensure you know the foundation for comparison. Alternating Method In this procedure, the element of comparison if fully handled in 1 paragraph. The last review You could also take a last look at your paper on another day to be sure that everything is good with your text. On the flip side, Irish writer uses metaphors and deep philosophical suggestions to create a mystery the reader may be willing to address. A brief introduction should chat about both the things that you're thinking about. It's utterly crucial that you resolve the problem in such a way in which the readers can easily understand the essay. You may also find different discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. Things become really simple when you own a sample before you. These sites will typically incorporate a sample. Our site is the ideal destination for each and ever y English-speaking student who calls for assistance when handling their day-to-day block tasks.

Essay about Family Abuse - 1332 Words

Family Abuse ALTHOUGH DOMESTIC VIOLENCE INCLUDES SIBLING ABUSE AND ELDER ABUSE, AND CHILD ABUSE THE FOCUS OF MY ESSAY IS ON SPOUSE ABUSE. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE HAS MANY NAMES; FAMILY VIOLENCE, BATTERING, WIFE BEATING, AND DOMESTIC ABUSE. ALL THESE TERMS REFER TO THE SAME THING, ABUSE BY A MARITAL, COMMON LAW, OR A DATING PARTNER IN AN INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IS NOT LIMITED TO PHYSICAL BEATINGS. IT IS ANY BEHAVIOUR THAT IS INTENDED TO SUBJUGATE AND CONTROL ANOTHER HUMAN BEING THROUGH THE USE OF HUMILIATION, FEAR, AND PHYSICAL OR VERBAL ASSAULTS. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IS VERY IMPORTANT ISSUE IN TODAYS SOCIETY BECAUSE IT HAS SUCH A PROFOUND NEGATIVE AFFECT ON THE ABUSED, MENTALLY AND PHYSICALLY, AND MORE NEEDS TO BE DONE TO†¦show more content†¦NO STATE IN THE U.S ACTUALLY PASSED A LAW MAKING WIFE BEATING ILLEGAL UNTIL 1883. ALTHOUGH LAWS WERE PASSED TO MAKE IT ILLEGAL, NONE WERE STRICTLY ENFORCED. EVEN UP UNTIL THE 1970S, WIFE BEATING WAS STILL FAIRLY ACCEPTABLE. THE POLICE MOST OFTEN WOULD ATTEND CALLS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE BUT WOULD LEAVE THINGS TO BE RESOLVED BY THE FAMILY. THIS EASE AND LACK OF ENFORCEMENT ALLOWED FOR THE CONTINUATION OF THE ABUSE. THE 70S BECAME A PERIOD OF PROTEST AND CHANGE FOR THE WOMENS RIGHTS MOVEMENT. BY THE 1980S MAJOR CHANGES STARTED TO TAKE PLACE. POLICE NO LONGER IGNORED CALLS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND MORE PEOPLE WERE BEING CONVICTED AND PUNISHED FOR CRIMES OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE. THE ACCEPTANCE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IS STILL SEEN TODAY. ITS ACCEPTANCE IS REFLECTED IN POPULAR CULTURE THROUGH THE EXPRESSION RULE OF THUMB WHICH COMES FROM AND OLD ENGLISH RULE THAT A MAN COULD BEAT HIS WIFE WITH ANY REASONABLE INSTRUMENT AS LONG AS IT WAS NO THICKER THAT HIS THUMB. EVEN IN TODAYS SOCIETY DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IS STILL VER Y COMMON AND MORE NEEDS TO BE DONE TO STOP IT. FINDING THE REASONS OR CAUSES OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IS A VERY DIFFICULT. THERE IS NEVER ONE REASON FOR DOMESTIC VIOLENCE BUT IT USUALLY BEGINS WITH A CONTROLLING NATURE AND THE NEED THE NEED TO CONTROL ONES SPOUSE. IT BEGINS WITH VERBAL INSULTS AND DEGRADATION THEN OVER TIME ESCALATES INTO PHYSICAL VIOLENCE. THE ABUSER HAS USUALLY BEEN INVOLVED IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CASESShow MoreRelatedFamily Abuse And Child Abuse892 Words   |  4 PagesUnfortunately for numerous people, especially women and children, home is anything but a safe haven. In our society spouse abuse, elderly abuse and child abuse is a major family-related social issue. Family abuse comes in many forms, physical violence, sexual violence and psychological and emotional abuse. Nonetheless, family violence is not unusual, perhaps this reason is because nuclear families devote to spend so much time together which leads to emotional bonds integrated with emotional stressors th at mayRead MoreSubstance Abuse And The Family2399 Words   |  10 PagesSubstance abuse, the abuse of drugs or alcohol, is known to have a lasting impact on members of the abuser’s family (Crosson-Tower, 2013). Ultimately there are two ways in which a family can experience the detrimental effects of substance abuse within the family system itself, and those ways are through either substance abuse on the parent’s behalf or substance abuse by the adolescents or children in the family unit (Crosson-Tower, 2013). Substance abuse can have many negative impacts on a family unit;Read MoreSubstance Abuse On The Family1825 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Substance abuse is an issue that continues to grow in America at an alarming rate. Families are an important factor for the onset of substance abuse as well as the sustainment of the addiction (Gruber Taylor, 2006). The National Institute of Drug Abuse defines substance abuse as â€Å"A chronic disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences† (â€Å"Understanding Drug Use and Addiction,† 2016). In order to prevent relapseRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse On The Family1518 Words   |  7 Pagesis having on her relationship with my mom and family. To say my step mom is an addict would truly be an understatement because of her need and crave for it each day. Unfortunately, alcohol abuse is not often taken serious and many people have a tough time understanding the effects of alcohol abuse on the entire family as opposed to just the abuser. Since Tina was a young age, she knew she was a lesbian and made it a point to hide this from her family and friends. She began to create a secret lifeRead MoreFamily Vioelence and Abuse2114 Words   |  9 PagesAbuse within Families Family violence and abuse is a prominent issue in our society that has maintained its presence throughout our history. Familial abuse has a tendency to be masked by emotions, not being classified as â€Å"abuse† by the victims until it has become a reoccurring issue. In fact, most unreported violent acts are due to the victim’s desire to protect the related offender. The media usually develops news stories and articles revolving around the most sensational cases of family violence;Read MoreFamily Therapy And Substance Abuse1524 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Family therapy is needed in so many aspects whether its trauma, substance, abuse or marital counseling. It doesn’t matter if it’s for adolescents in the family or adults. It’s important that a clinician is knowledgeable about family therapy and the best approaches to assist the family in becoming functional. Keywords: Family therapy; adolescents; substance abuse Introduction The clinician interviewed is Sara Gavin, Director of Behavioral Health of CommuniCare Health CentersRead MoreFamily Violence And Child Abuse Essay2316 Words   |  10 Pages Learning about family violence and child abuse has open doors to understanding the long term or unseen effects of violence and child abuse within the household. For each family violence can be seen as domestic parental violence or childhood sexual abuse, but either way the outcome is usually consequential for all parties involved. After viewing the movie â€Å"Precious† one can accurately state that the movie displays multiple effects and examples of family violence and child abuse. But just likeRead MoreThe Effects Of Illegal Substance Abuse On Families3380 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract An insight of the impact of illegal substance abuse using theories of intelligent sociologist of the nineteenth century to magnify the effect of drugs and families today. Examining how inversely affecting relatives growing in diverse family structures while, exploring its overall effect on children who live in mechanical solidarities versus organic solidarities differences in drug use and outcome of children . Moreover, involving detailed fluctuations of familiar illegal drug use betweenRead MoreChild Abuse and Violence Against Families1204 Words   |  5 PagesChild Abuse and Violence Against Females Domestic violence in the United States has become a major problem that affects nearly 2/3 s of all people. It can affect wives, the elderly, and even men, but in this paper we will discuss the abuse that occurs to children and also violence toward women. It is widely assumed that most estimates of the incidence of domestic violence are underestimates. Even large population surveys cannot provide accurate estimates of the extent of domestic violenceRead MoreIncest: Family and Child Sexual Abuse1573 Words   |  7 Pagesextremely happy this morning. Dad no longer being around and me taking his place was just the thing that mom needed. Are there true causes to why there is a desire to want to have sexual preferences with someone younger, vulnerable, and also in the family? This is stereotyped as incest or incestuous relationship. A number of thing depression, obsession, passiveness and many others could cause this. When an offender tries to pursue this type of relationship, he or she may use bribing, manipulating